Complete specifications are provided in the form of data sheets and. Most projects will specify a particular transistor, but if necessary you can usually substitute an equivalent transistor from the wide range available. Functionally, this makes the nchannel jfet the solidstate equivalent of the vacuum tube triode which. Toshiba transistor silicon npn epitaxial type 2sc2878 for muting and switching applications high emitterbase voltage. A992 2sa992 components datasheet pdf data sheet free from datasheet data sheet search for integrated circuits ic, semiconductors and. Vrt comparison table for semiconductors from a to z. Electronic repair transistor cross reference replacement. Since the distribution of heat in the transistor crystal is not uniform and depends on voltage and. Substitute with the correct part number, the equipment will work for a long time and sometimes the substitute transistor will even work better than the original part number. List the three different transistor circuit configurations and explain their operation. Aug 25, 2011 crossreferences are not magic, understanding of the circuit and a parametric search of the important parameters is much more reliable. If you install the wrong polarity, the sandwich wont work.
The transistor is a semiconductor device than can function as a signal amplifier or as a solid state switch. The measurement of transistor and integrated circuit parameters in the frequency range lokhz to joomhz 9 d. Cross reference universal transistor reference page 1. Jun 25, 2018 smd devices are, by their very nature, too small to carry conventional semiconductor type numbers. By applying a small voltage to the center layer of the sandwich junction, a much larger current can flow through the whole sandwich this allows the transistor to function as a switch, which gives it the ability to work as a boolean. Buy international transistor equivalents guide bernard babani publishing radio and electronics books by michaels, adrian isbn. Ic cross reference cross reference ci stk cross reference ci tda cross reference ci sharp cross reference hitachi audio ic cross reference and circuit applications smd cross reference and equivalent we make every effort to ensure that the material on this site is accurate, however we do not warrant or represent that the information is free. Granvillegedrge 4 a, a thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy at the university of surrey. Semiconductortransistor crossreference list peavey. A substitute transistor must have the same polarity, either pnp or npn, as the original. Transistors dual diodes if a transistor is simply opposing diodes, why does current flow at all. N p n equivalent to n p p n equivalent to acting on this idea, the student proceeds to connect two 1n4001 rectifying diodes backtoback and try to use it as a transistor. This book presents technical data for motorolas broad line of silicon power transistors. The original transistor might need special ordering, or be discontinued and unavailable.
Instead, a somewhat arbitrary coding system has grown up, where the device package carries a simple two or threecharacter id code. Transistor cross reference, equivalent and specification is very important for every electronic repairer the importance of transistor cross reference, datasheet, equivalent and specification. The standard bipolar transistor or bjt, comes in two basic forms. Semiconductor transistor, diode, ic cross reference. The initial 2n identifies the part as a transistor and the rest of the code identifies the particular transistor. Understanding transistor replacement, substitution and. Transistor uses, transistor rules, common emitter circuit, small signal amplification, fieldeffect transistors, jfet operating regions. Allieds handbook of transistor fundamentals author.
If a mica insulation is used, the thermal resistance of the mica washer must be added, which amounts to about 0. In view of that fact, consider now each type of device. Transistor improves commonmode rejection in difference amplifier 1. A click on a product type takes you to the corresponding product information page on the nxp website. Transistor theory and application, form 223 6783 2. Transistor theory illustrated, form 22 36794 this manual although both manuals cover transistor theory, they. Ldmos rf power field effect transistor 90 w, 869960 mhz. See all 2 formats and editions hide other formats and editions. More time is spent figuring out which one to replace and, sometimes, what to replace it with. This page has a bunch of electronics books in pdf format that the guy got by cutting up. Diodes and transistors pdf 28p this note covers the following topics.
Read open access proceedings from science conferences worldwide books. Understanding transistor replacement, substitution and information is very important for a electronic repairer. Searching the right transistor for substitution is a skill, if you replace wrong specifications of transistor into the equipment. Datasheet for bc549, with a, b and c gain groupings pdf. Toshiba transistor silicon npn epitaxial type 2sc2878. Knowing how to substitute an alternate transistor type can speed up your. Cross reference electronic circuits, tv schematics, audio. Transistor datasheet, transistor pdf, transistor data sheet, datasheet, data sheet, pdf. Transistor equivalent circuits and models learning objectives general dc equivalent circuit ac equivalent circuit equivalent circuit of a cb amplifier effect of source resistance r s on voltage gain equivalent circuit of a ce amplifier equivalent circuit of a cc amplifier smallsignal lowfrequency model or representation. Is there anything available to see if a particular transistor can be replaced with a different one.
Directions for determining the thermal resistance rths for cooling fins can be found on page 11. There are books galore on this but surely someone knows of a site that has them listed and searchable my query is a simple one i have no 2n5551 transistors on hand and i want to see if one in my box will do the job. A992 2sa992 components datasheet pdf data sheet free from datasheet4u. Name the four classes of amplifiers and give an explanation for each. An npn negativepositivenegative type and a pnp positivenegativepositive type, with the most commonly used transistor type being the npn transistor. Transistor codes surface mount, pnp, npn, choosing. Old electronics books scanned and free online in pdf format edn. Searching the right transistor for substitution is a skill, if you replace wrong specifications of transistor i. Results included in this manual are representative of products stressed, and contain. Formation of barrier at the completion of the alloying process, atomic activity takes place at the junction figure 4 as fol lows. Toshiba transistor silicon pnp epitaxial type pct process 2sa10 color tv verttical deflection output applications power switching applications high voltage. A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical. At the maximum voltage, also called a breakdown voltage bv, electrons. Vrt comparison table for semiconductors from a to z edition.
Most projects will specify a particular transistor, but if necessary you can usually substitute. Texas instruments transistor and diode databook 1st ed 1973 datasheets for diodes from 1n251 on and transistors from 2n117 on acrobat 7 pdf 34. Transistor datasheet, transistor pdf, transistor data sheet, datasheet, data sheet, pdf home all manufacturers by category part name, description or manufacturer contain. A donor electron leaves an antimony atom, crosses the barrier, and unites with a hole generated by.
Interpretation of modulus spectra in organic fieldeffect transistors. Transistor diode cross reference sphere research corporation. Fairchild ksc1845 datasheet, cross reference, circuit and application notes in pdf format. Transistor substitution desoldering and replacing a transistor takes very little time. Transistor selection guide vceoic collectoremitter voltage v ceo v 800 c3678 c3679 c3680 c5124 c4020 c4300 c4301 c4299 c5002 c4304 c5003 c4445 c4908 600 c5249 c4706 550 c4517 c4518 c3927 c4517a c4518a c4557 c5239 c5287 500 c3830 c3831 c4907. There are books galore on this but surely someone knows of a site that has them listed and searchable my query is a simple one i have no 2n5551 transistors on hand and i want to see if one in my.
Ib 5 ma maximum ratings ta 25c characteristics symbol rating unit collectorbase voltage. In the content you can find out all sort of the components specification. Crossreferences are not magic, understanding of the circuit and a parametric search of the important parameters is much more reliable. You can see the internal diagram of that particular components, pin out, voltage, replacement, block diagram and the components layout. Small dc capacitors, diodes form equivalent ac unit 121. Smd devices are, by their very nature, too small to carry conventional semiconductor type numbers. As a general rule, the small signal parameters are calculated as a function of the transistor currents. Because of the complexity of transistor theory and the newness of the subject matter, two transistor theory manuals have been prepared. An npn transistor along with the transistors current flow characteristics is given below. The most popular transistor cross reference replacement guide is the philip ecg semiconductor master replacement guide. Free transistor circuits books download ebooks online textbooks. Toshiba transistor silicon pnp epitaxial type pct process.
Motorola power transistor substitution and cross reference guide. Free transistor circuits books download ebooks online. In a transistor a very small current input signal flowing emitter tobase is able to control a much larger current which flows from the system power. World transistor equivalents data az by eca author 4. Finding transistor replacement can take you hours if you dont know the right method to do it. Discrete semiconductors selection guide 2010 products for general applications bene.
A pnp transistor operates in a similar manner to a npn bjt, expect that holes instead of electrons from the emitter di. Explain how the transistor can be used to amplify a signal. As a result, currents and voltages have opposite signs when compared to a npn. Basic semiconductor physics, diodes, the nonlinear diode model, load line analysis, large signal diode models, offset diode model, transistors, large signal bjt model, load line analysis, small signal model and transistor amplification. All electronic repairers should know how to read the transistor cross reference equivalent book if they want to succeed in electronic repairs. Nte is a company that specializes in cross referenced parts. Complex modulus spectra of organic fieldeffect transistors ofets with electrode. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.
Understanding transistor cross reference, equivalent. In a transistor a very small current input signal flowing emitter tobase is able to control a. Savantic semiconductor product specification silicon pnp power transistors bd176 bd178 bd180. The complex modulus spectra calculated from the equivalent circuit were successfully fitted. Universal system and output transformer for valve amplifiers pdf. So called equivalent parts, or nte replacements, may not work at all in some cases, because they were worse in some spec, or the circuit was designed with the assumptions that the part had a fairly low bandwidth. Define the term transistor and give a brief description of its construction and operation. A typical switching circuit using a pnp transistor is shown at the left. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. January 1994 november 1993 march 1993 october 1992 september 1992. International transistor equivalents guide bernard babani. If more than a maximum voltage rating is applied to a transistor, it can be permanently damaged. Functionally, this makes the nchannel jfet the solidstate equivalent of the vacuum tube. List the three different transistor circuit configurations and.