Total body water is a function of age, body mass, and body fat. Body fluid consists of an aqueous solution of salts, proteins and. Body fluids and fluid compartments blood composition depends on three major factors. The organization and composition of body fluids sciencedirect. The icf lies within cells and is the principal component of the cytosolcytoplasm. Pdf basic concepts of fluid and electrolyte balance. Physiology, water balance statpearls ncbi bookshelf. The chemical reactions of life take place in aqueous solutions. Compare the bar lengths of muscle mass and body fat mass.
Terms in this set 46 identify the two main fluid compartments in the body and describe their relative proportions. Blood and lymph are the two most important body fluids in the human body. This approximate guide to fluid compartments does not hold true for the whole population, as fairly obvious differences in body composition are observed. This can help validate services like personal training, patient care. If you would like a large, unwatermarked image for your web page or blog, please purchase the appropriate license. Materials travel between cells and the plasma in capillaries through the if. The ecf is subdivided into two other fluid compartments known as the interstitial fluid and the plasma. Human body composition, second edition, provides a comprehensive account of the science behind human body composition methods.
Extracellular fluid ecf surrounds all cells in the body. Body composition is the ratio of water, lean muscle mass, and fat mass in the body it is often expressed in terms of percentage bodyfat. Water accounts for about 60 percent of normal body weight. Oct 17, 2017 in essence, the fluids in the body are enclosed in compartments.
Bmi is an index used to determine obesity by using height and weight. So, the more muscles one has, the higher the total body water % will be. May 05, 2010 there are three main fluid compartments in the body. The composition of the interstitial and intravascular fluid is similar, with. Anatomy and physiology body fluids and fluid compartments. The dissolved substances in a solution are called solutes. Body fluids and fluid compartments anatomy and physiology ii. The interstitial fluid if is part of the extracellular fluid ecf between the cells. The hypothetical adult female contains 55% of her body weight as water. Body fluids and fluid compartments anatomy questions. Of the extracellular fluid, 80 percent is interstitial fluid, and 20 percent is plasma. The external fluid and electrolyte balance between the body and its environment is defined by the intake of fluid and electrolytes versus the output from the kidneys, the gastrointestinal tract. On average, body water can account for 50% of the total human body weight and it is significantly higher in newborns.
Body fluid compartments body function 78 steps health journal. A capillary membrane, which consists of the endothelial glycocalyx, endothelial cells, and the subendothelial cell matrix, separates the capillary intravascular space from the interstitial fluid compartment. You may not embed one of our images on your web page without a link back to our site. Ecf is further divided into interstitial extravascular and bloodplasma intravascular compartments. Blood comprises of plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
This means that fluid composition varies between body compartments. Taken separately, there is wide variation in the fat mineral and fluid composition of body tissues. Extracellular fluid contains a higher concentration of sodium than intracellular fluid. Composition of cell fluids remarkably similar even in different animals ranging from most primitive microorganisms to humans icf of all different cells regarded as one large fluid compartment. Body composition is a method of describing what the body is made of. There are two main fluid compartments water occupies in the body.
The intracellular fluid is the fluid within the cells of the body. In the human body, solutes vary in different parts of the body, but may include proteinsincluding those that transport lipids. Body composition analysis can accurately show changes in fat mass, muscle mass, and body fat percentage. Body fluids and fluid compartments anatomy and physiology. The extracellular fluid is composed of the interstitial fluid the fluid between cells and the blood plasma.
The volume and composition of body fluid compartments are strictly controlled. The terms mole, molality, molarity, osmole, osmolality, osmolarity, osmolar gap and anion gap are defined and their clinical usefulness indicated. The body fluids and circulation of these body fluids is described below in complete detail. Body fluid composition is maintained in a normal physiologic range by regulatory mechanisms that control sodium and water metabolism. Body fluid compartments can be measured by dilution of a compound that distributes only in the space of interest.
These compartments are separated by the vasculature. Describe the composition of the major body fluid compartments. Water will move from one space into the next passively across a semi permeable membrane until the hydrostatic and osmotic pressure gradients balance each. Body fluid compartments and fluid dynamics veterinary manual. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Our body fluids may subcategorize into intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. Explain the importance of water in the body contrast the composition of the intracellular fluid with. Some of this solution is within cell membranes intracellular fluid and some is outside the membranes extracellular fluid.
Contrast the composition of the intracellular fluid with that of the extracellular fluid. Body fluids can be discussed in terms of their specific fluid compartment, a location that is largely separate from another compartment by some form of a physical barrier. Body fluids and fluid compartments simple book production. About twothirds is in the intracellular fluid compartment icf. Fluid compartments body fluids can be discussed in terms of their specific fluid compartment, a location that is largely separate from another compartment by some form of a physical barrier. The compositions of the two components of the ecfplasma and ifare more similar to each other than either is to the icf figure. Intracellular fluids are high in potassium and magnesium and low. The most accurate estimation of body composition is derived from body density by means of the equation of fractional densities which states that the overall density of a mixture containing more than one substance each with a different density can be calculated if the proportion and density of each component substance is known. Body fluids and the acidbase balance h n christensen on. May 19, 2010 the maintenance of a relatively constant volume and a stable composition of the body fluids is essential for homeostasis fluid intake and output are balanced during steadystate conditions 4. Body fluid compartments volume, composition, measuring. Print learning objectives fluid, electrolyte, and acidbase. Typical values for the size of the fluid compartments are listed in the table. The composition of tissue fluid depends upon the exchanges between the cells in the biological tissue and the blood.
Body fluids and fluid compartment medicine libretexts. In general, the kidneys have four major roles to play, which help keep the blood composition relatively constant. A detailed knowledge of the homeostatic mechanisms will help in understanding the pathogenesis and management of disorders of sodium and water balance. The circulatory compartment is also called the vascular space, and circulates blood throughout the body. The compositions of the two components of the ecf plasma and ifare more similar to each other than either is to the icf figure. This fluid volume tends to be very stable, because the amount of water in living cells is closely regulated. Although differing in concentration of certain ions, especially sodium and potassium, the composition of the intracellular and extracellular fluids remains very constant in health. A significant percentage of the human body is water, which includes intracellular and extracellular fluids. While the cultural ideal in western countries focuses much on body composition and its effect on appearance, it is important to remember that body composition is an important indicator of health. List, describe, and compare the body fluid compartments and. Which statement concerning body fluid composition is correct. Interstitial fluid and plasma have essentially the same composition except that plasma contains a much higher concentration of protein. The intracellular fluid icf compartment is the system that includes all fluid enclosed in cells by their plasma membranes. May 31, 2015 body fluid compartments science topic the two types of spaces between which water and other body fluids are distributed.
The volumes of the body fluid compartments are summarized in figure in terms of water, since water is by far the major component of the fluids. Which fluid compartment contains about 67% by volume of all body water. The longer the muscle mass bar is compared to the body fat mass bar, the stronger the body is. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Obesity decreases the percentage of water in the body.
As the proportion of body mass comprising adipose tissue increases, a comparatively anhydrous tissue, the contribution of water to body weight will decrease. Filled with reliable and accurate information, it is an essential tool and an indispensable reference for exercise science researchers, practitioners, and graduate students who are interested in body composition. The intracellular fluid icf is the fluid within cells. Body fluid compartment an overview sciencedirect topics. The major division is into intracellular fluid icf. Fundamentals of human nutritionbody composition wikibooks. Lymph is a colourless fluid that circulates inside the lymphatic vessels. Due to their low body fat and bone mass, infants are about 73% water. The following body fluid compartments are described. The asssociation of clinical biochemists in ireland the biochemistry of body fluids version 1. How to measure the fluid volume intra and extra cellular total body water constitutes in men about 60% of body weight, in women 50% is divided into icf and ecf. The body water content of men is about 60%, but because women have relatively more body fat and less skeletal muscle than men, theirs is about 50%.
The interstitial fluid refers to the total volume of ecf outside of the blood vessels and is separated from the plasma see below by the walls of the bodys vasculature. This book is distributed under the terms of the creative commons. All fluid outside cells 14 liters in normal 70 kg adult 20% of body weight. Body composition assessment and nutritional information at a glance. Fluid compartments within the human body total body water tbw you know water is the major thing that living things are made of and as a nurse, youre going to need to make sure your patients hydration levels are appropriate. Body fluid compartments and fluid dynamics emergency. Physiologically, this occurs by a combination of hydrostatic pressure gradients and osmotic pressure gradients. The icf makes up about 60 percent of the total water in the human body, and in an averagesize adult male, the icf accounts for about 25 liters seven gallons of fluid figure 26. Volume of body fluid compartments deranged physiology. Fluid shifts occur when the body s fluids move between the fluid compartments. The interstitial fluid refers to the total volume of ecf outside of the blood vessels and is separated from the plasma see below by the walls of the body s vasculature. Body water is regulated by hormones, including antidiuretic. Fluid movement from the intravascular to interstitial and intracellular compartments occurs in the capillaries. Multiple choice anatomy and physiology questions on body fluids and fluid compartments.